World Civil Defence Day 2024: History, Significance and Key Facts

World Civil Defence Day, observed annually on March 1, focuses on promoting the significance of civil defence strategies in protecting individuals and their belongings from natural disasters, accidents and other unforeseen emergencies. The occasion also pays tribute to the contributions of numerous civil defence organisations, acknowledging their dedicated efforts in safeguarding communities and preserving lives. The day also aims to bring the attention of the global community to the necessity of civil preparedness and civil protection in the world.

In India Civil Defence Day is observed on December 6 to create awareness about civil defence and its importance among the citizens.

World Civil Defence Day History

The International Civil Defence Organisation (ICDO) was established in 1972. Its history traces back to 1931 when Surgeon General Saint-Paul founded the Association of Geneva Zones. In 1958, this association transformed into the International Civil Defence Organisation and attained a new status as a non-governmental organisation.

The ICDO focuses on promoting studies and research related to population protection, as well as facilitating coordination efforts in natural disaster prevention. In 1972, representatives from ICDO member states approved the organisation’s constitution. The ICDO declared March 1 as a global holiday in 1990.

World Civil Defence Day Significance

World Civil Defence Day is significant for raising awareness about emergency preparedness and the crucial role of civil defence organisations in safeguarding communities. It honours the dedication of civil defence personnel, promotes preparedness among individuals and governments, and fosters collaboration among stakeholders for effective emergency response.

Facts About Civil Defence in India

1. Civil Defence (CD) is the largest community-based voluntary organisation started by the Government, initially functioning during World War periods.
2. After the Chinese aggression, Civil Defence was reorganised with the enactment of the Defence of India Act, 1962.
3. Another significant factor was the India-Pakistan war in September 1965, marking India’s first encounter with the threat of enemy aerial attacks post-independence.
4. Civil Defence gained legal status with the enactment of the Civil Defence Act (No.27), 1968, effective nationwide from July 10, 1968, along with framed Rules & Regulations.
5. Historically, Civil Defence played a vital role in war emergencies, preparing citizens to face hostile enemy attacks.
6. The mandate of Civil Defence has evolved to include preparing citizens to respond to both natural and manmade disasters, beyond just enemy attacks.
7. With the amendment of the CD Act in 2009, the Civil Defence Corps was assigned the additional role of Disaster Management, while retaining its primary character.