Gauging Pressure
Buy a tire pressure gauge. Look for the tool at an auto-parts store – something like NAPA, AutoZone, Checker, Kragen, O'Reilly, or Canadian Tire. There are even some on Amazon! Pocket gauges are inexpensive and portable. Prices range from $5 for a basic gauge to more than $30 for one that is digital, has an air-release button, or even talks. There are two types of pocket gauge: dial-type and pencil-type. The pencil type is long, slender, and metallic, about the size of a pencil. It contains a graduated sliding extension that is forced out of the sleeve by air pressure when attached to the tire stem. The dial type has a similar fitting to the pencil type, but it includes a graduated gauge and needle.
Check the pressure in your tires. Find the small rubber or metal valve stem along the inside rim of your wheel, and unscrew it to reveal the air valve. Press the open end of the pressure gauge into the air valve. Hold it there, steadily and firmly, and listen for a light rushing sound as the gauge reads the pressure from the force of the air. After a few moments, pull the gauge away from the tire and read the pressure from the small screen on the side of the device.
Determine how much air should be in your tires. Car tire pressures usually range from 30-35 psi (pounds per square inch), although light trucks often require a higher pressure. Some vehicles need the same amount of pressure in every tire, but others will have different values for front and rear tires. Tires naturally tend to deflate about 1 psi each month. You should check your tire pressures monthly at a minimum, since ambient temperature affects tire psi. This is a good way to catch a slow leak. It is a good idea to check your tires pressures when you fill up with gas. Rather than standing by the pump, grab your tire pressure gauge and check your tire pressure. Be sure to check the air pressure in your spare twice a year, otherwise it will also be flat when you need it. Consult your car's manual or your driver-side doorpost for the recommended tire pressures. The label will have a recommended tire psi or kpa (kilopascal) number. If your tire is outright flat, then it may have a leak. Try adding air to the tire and see if it holds air. If the tire holds air, drive on if for a short while and recheck the tire pressure. If the pressure drops, the tire has a slow leak and should be taken to a tire store to have the leak repaired. If you can hear air escaping while adding air, it is time to install the spare tire. If more than one tire has blown out, then you may need to call a tow truck.
Preparing to Pump
Remove the valve stem caps. You'll want to screw these back on later, so set them to the side or put them into your pocket. Consider leaving each stem cap on its valve until you are about to pump that tire – this way, the caps will spend most of their time in the right place, and you won't have to worry so much about losing them.
Find an air pump. Automatic air compressors are more expensive, but much faster. You can use a manual floor pump, like a bicycle pump, but it will take much longer and it'll be much more labor-intensive. You can buy your own air pump, or find a friend who owns one – but if not, most gas stations host a stand of coin-operated air and water pumps. If you use a bicycle pump, make sure that it is schrader-valve compatible. Consider asking someone to help you pump so that you don't need to do it all yourself. Car tires are much larger than bicycle tires! You can purchase an air pump that plugs into the car's 12v outlet at the auto parts store when you purchase a tire pressure gauge.
Make sure that your tires are cold. This means that first thing in the morning or you've driven less than 2 miles (3.2 km) on them since they went flat. If you've driven more than a mile or two, your pressure-gauge readings will be inaccurate.
Use the air pump at the nearest gas station. It's usually located on the outskirts of the gas station's parking lot – somewhere out of the way of the gas pumps. If you don't see it, ask the attendant. Pull your car alongside the air dispenser and find the coin slot. Pump prices range from a few cents to as much as a dollar (for a few minutes). Pull your car in close enough that the pump hose can reach all four tires. This is less important if you only intend to fill one or two tires. Check your tire pressure while filling up with fuel. Most gas stations that charge for air will waive your tire-pump fee if you've already bought gas. You may need to go inside and speak with and present the gas receipt to the station attendant.
Filling Your Tires
Hook up the pump. If you are at a gas station, turn on the pump by feeding the machine the requisite amount of coins. You should hear a loud rumbling and humming noise when the pump is running. Stretch the air hose around to your closest tire (or to the tire in need of filling) and press the tip of the pump to the tip of the air valve. Hold it there, firmly and steadily, and listen to the rush of air as the pump fills the tire. If you hear a wild spraying of air, try to steady the pump. There's a good chance that the tip of the hose is not flush against the valve.
Be patient. If your tires are low on pressure, it may take you several minutes of continuous pumping to fill each tire. If you've filled your tires within the past few months, and you're just topping them off, the process might last as little as 10-20 seconds. Consider using a hand pump for these small top-offs if you are wary of spending money on a full coin-operated machine.
Check the pressure as you go, and adjust as needed. When you think that you've added enough air, pull the hose away and use your pressure gauge to read the pressure. Again, most tires should be 30-35 psi – but check the specifications for your car to be sure. Add air if the reading is lower than it should be, and release air if the reading is higher than it should be. When you've reached the proper pressure, you're done adding air to the tire. To release air from the tire, depress the center pin of the valve stem with a fingernail or a tool. You should hear a steady hiss as compressed air jets forth from the over-inflated tire. Release the air in small increments so as not to release too much air, checking the tire pressure often while lowering the tire pressure. Make sure to inflate your tires to the suggested pressure, even if they're only low by one or two psi units. It's estimated that for every 3 psi below the specified amount, you burn one percent more fuel. You may also suffer up to 10 percent more tire wear.
Replace the valve stem cap. When you're done adding air to each tire, make sure to replace the stem cap. It is not essential that you seal up the valve, but it will make your tire less likely to lose air. The valve should not release air unless anything depresses it – a twig, a finger, or any stray object.
Repeat the process for each tire. If the hose won't reach, then feel free to move the car closer or turn it around. Keep in mind, however, that each pump session only runs for a limited time – so you'll need to be quick if you don't want to pay for another go!
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