Those billion-dollar tech startups known as "unicorns," which feasted on record capital inflows for much of last year, are facing tougher challenges for funding, a survey showed Tuesday.
Venture-backed startups globally saw a 30 per cent drop in funding in the fourth quarter to $27.2 billion, according to the survey by KPMG and research firm CB Insights.
The number of funding rounds fell 13 per cent from the previous quarter to 1,742.
Some of the exuberance has worn off after the feverish pace of funding in the first nine months of 2015, according to the report.
"Although it ended with a bit of a whimper, 2015 was a gargantuan year for venture capital-backed companies. In aggregate, they raised the most money since 2000," said Anand Sanwal, chief executive of CB Insights.
For the year, the report found $128 billion in venture funding for startups, up 44 per cent from 2014. The number of funding rounds was more than 7,800.
Yet the latter part of the year saw some signs of cooling, with less funding and writedowns in the value of some hot startups, the researchers noted.
Unicorns -- a moniker designed to highlight the relatively rare occurrence of billion-dollar startups -- have been growing as companies found private equity funding without using the conventional path of a stock market initial public offering (IPO).
But some venture capital investors have been warning about a bubble in private funding values, and these fears have been borne out to a degree in late 2015.
"A number of IPOs fell short of recent private valuations, no doubt rattling VC investor confidence," the report said.
"In the US, several mutual funds marked down a number of startup valuations related to 'unicorn' companies -- no doubt prompting more scrutiny of additional VC investment activities."
Mobile payments startup Square made its stock market debut in November, raising $243 million at a market value of $3 billion -- or roughly half the level from its latest private funding round.
Several other startups such as the social network Snapchat and benefits administrator Zenefits have seen their valuations slashed, although the biggest unicorns such as Uber and Airbnb have seen their values continue to rise.
The latest trends have fueled fears of "wounded unicorns" and lower valuations, which could spill over to publicly traded tech firms.
Unicorn 'births' down
The report cited 72 unicorn "births" in 2015, but only 12 in the fourth quarter. CB Insights in a separate report said there were 150 unicorns worldwide as of Friday with a total valuation of $525 billion.
"An uncertain global economy, a projected slowdown in China, and expected interest rate increases following the recent increase in the US appear to be driving many VC investors to be more cautious," the report said.
The report added that venture investors are paying closer attention to the profit potential of startups, not just how fast they are expanding.
"Up until the third quarter of 2015, we saw as much capital going into companies that were generating negative cash flows as those that were generating positive ones," said Brian Hughes of KPMG's venture capital practice.
"Now, there's been a divergence. In 2016, the fundamentals are really going to start to matter again. Startups that may be operating with negative gross margins, excessive burn rates and inflated valuations will be the most impacted."
The report said tech startups took in some 78 percent of venture funding in the past quarter, a level consistent over the past year.
By region, North America received the largest amount in the quarter ($14.1 billion) but the drop from the past quarter was 32 percent.
Asian startups raised $9.7 billion in the quarter, a drop of more than 31 percent, while European startups took in $3 billion, down 17 percent.
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