What does a runner’s body look like?
A runner’s body can be any shape, but they’re often lean with toned legs. Anyone who runs has a runner’s body. And because people naturally come in all different shapes and sizes, there’s no one way for a runner’s body to look! While your genetics primarily determine the shape and size of your body, Tucker explains that runners can share similar characteristics. She says runners often have slender, toned legs and a lower body fat percentage. Meet the wikiHow Experts Tamika Tucker is a fitness and lifestyle coach and bodybuilder. Kai Ng is a USATF and RRCA certified running coach at Run Coach Kai who specializes in coaching runners of all levels. He’s competed in over 55 races and over 15 marathons. Francisco Gomez is a fitness coach at the FIT Potato Gym and a former competitive runner who helps endurance athletes train for major marathons. Shira Tsvi is a personal trainer and fitness instructor with over 7 years of personal training experience. Jonathan Frank, MD is a sports orthopedic surgeon and joint preservation specialist. His practice focuses on minimally invasive, arthroscopic surgery of the knee, shoulder, hip, and elbow.
The type of running can affect the look of a runner’s body. There are different types of running, like sprinting and long-distance running, which work the body in unique ways. This can lead to differences between runners’ bodies, which are often more apparent in pro athletes. For instance: Sprinters: Tucker says sprinters typically have a dense, muscular build and muscular legs. She explains that they’re power athletes who require a lot of strength to run really hard for short periods of time. Long-distance runners/marathoners: According to Tucker, long-distance and marathon runners usually have a leaner, more narrow shape because they burn so many calories. They don’t use as much power as sprinters, so they have a less muscular build. Mid-distance runners: Mid-distance runners tend to be a medium between sprinters and long-distance runners, as they combine speed with endurance. They’re lean with muscle definition, but not as lean as long-distance runners and not as muscular as sprinters.
How does running affect the body?
It strengthens your legs. Running works your calves and thighs, as well as your glutes, which helps them grow stronger. This builds muscle, so you might notice that your legs start to look more defined and toned the more that you run.
It helps you lose body fat. Running is a cardiovascular exercise that uses a lot of your energy and burns a lot of calories. Along with a healthy diet, this means running can help you lose body fat and achieve a leaner-looking appearance. The average 30-minute run burns around 280 to 520 calories. However, the amount of calories you burn largely depends on how fast you’re running.
It increases your appetite. Lots of people agree that they feel hungrier when they’re running vs not running. This is normal, as running burns a lot of energy and calories, which your body wants to get back. Aim to fill yourself with healthy foods, like proteins, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats. After a run, it’s a great idea to snack on something rich in carbs and protein, like a banana and peanut butter, eggs and toast, or a protein shake.
It helps improve your mood. Regularly running can relieve stress and protect against its negative effects. It can also help reduce symptoms related to depression and anxiety. As another plus, running releases endorphins, which help you feel happier. Combined together, running can help you feel better and more relaxed.
It can help you sleep better. Because running helps reduce stress, it’s also linked with helping you fall asleep faster and get better quality sleep. Stress, anxiety, and depression can negatively impact sleep, which running protects against.
It improves your cardiovascular health. Running is a form of cardiovascular exercise that works your heart and lungs. So naturally, it improves your cardiovascular health. Running is associated with strengthening your heart, lowering blood pressure, improving cholesterol, and increasing how much oxygen your body uses while exercising (called VO2 max).
It increases your stamina and endurance. Endurance and stamina are common ways to indicate how physically fit you are. Because running improves your cardiovascular health, it also means you can exercise for longer without getting tired. Everyday activities, like climbing stairs, are less likely to leave you winded, too.
It can reduce your risk of disease. Exercise, in general, is well known for its long-term health benefits. It can reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, infectious diseases, and some cancers, like bladder, breast, and colon cancer. Additionally, getting regular exercise can help you live longer and have a higher quality of life.
It strengthens your bones. Running is a weight-bearing exercise, which means all of your body weight is pushing down on your bones. This stresses them, which is a good thing. Your bones respond to the stress by growing stronger. Additionally, running can reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.
It can cause a muscle imbalance. Because running only works out your lower body, it can lead to an imbalance in your upper body. However, this is easy enough to fix by making time to strength train and cross-train. Do arm, chest, and back exercises to strengthen your upper body and do other activities that work out your body, like cycling or swimming. While running builds some muscle, Tucker says, “When it comes to getting your legs stronger…and maybe even increasing the size, you would have to strength train.” She suggests doing simple body-weight exercises, like squats, to get started. Then, to really build up muscle in your lower body, she recommends using weights. According to Tucker, you especially want to strength train if you’re a long-distance runner. She says, “Because your body is running so much…it's not really keeping the muscle or maintaining it.” Instead, “You'll actually end up losing muscle the more that you're running long distances because…your body's constantly burning calories.”
It can increase your risk of injury. Another negative effect of running on the body is the potential for injury. Compared to walkers, runners have a higher risk of getting injuries like muscle strains, shin splints, stress fractures, and runner’s knee. Fortunately, you can help reduce your risk of injury by warming up before runs, slowly increasing your mileage and intensity, cooling down and stretching after runs, and resting in between vigorous runs.
How to Get a Runner’s Body
The best way to get a runner’s body is to start running. Whether you want to run to lose weight, tone up your legs, or simply enjoy the mental and physical health benefits, getting the runner’s body is just about putting on your tennis shoes and heading out the door. To help you get started running, check out these tips: Start slow. Starting with an every other day walk/run program is a great idea. For instance, run for 1-2 minutes and then walk for 4-5 minutes. Fitness coach Francisco Gomez agrees that it’s important that “you're not breathing really high right off the bat.” He says if “at any point you feel like you're out of breath…you're going too fast,” so reduce your pace or return to walking. Gradually increase your distance and intensity. Certified running coach Kai Ng says, “In order for you to build endurance,” you need to be “consistently increasing the time on your feet, or the distance that you're running.” Once you get comfortable with your run/walk schedule, increase the time you’re running by 2-5 minutes the next time you go out. Warm up and cool down. Warm up with some dynamic stretches like side lunges, leg swings, and arm swings. Then, walk for a few minutes before you get running. When you’re done running, walk for a few minutes to lower your heart rate. Then, do some static stretches, like hamstring and calf stretches. Pay attention to your breath. According to personal trainer and fitness instructor Shira Tsvi, you want to ensure that you’re “breathing from [your] diaphragm.” She says to “touch your chest like a little bit under your rib cage, right by where your abs are.” Then, when you take an inhale, “make sure your stomach inflates.” Maintain proper posture. Ng says, “It’s really important to be nice and tall,” so you’re not “restrict[ing]...any muscles from trying to help you to generate the most power possible.” He explains, “if you're leaning too far back, you're restricting your quads,” and if you’re leaning “too far forward…your hamstrings are restricting your movements and power.” Wear supportive shoes. Get a new pair of running shoes that fit comfortably—they’re not super snug or very loose. Ensure they bend easily and have shock-absorbent heels, too. Sports orthopedic surgeon and joint preservation specialist Jonathan Frank, MD says it’s very important that you get new shoes once they start to wear out to protect yourself from injury. This is generally around every 3-4 months. Do strength training exercises. Incorporate strength training into your weekly routine to build muscle in your upper and lower body. Aim to work out all of your major muscle groups (chest, shoulders, arms, abs, glutes, and legs) 2 times per week.
Runner’s Body vs Gym Goer’s Body
Runners tend to be leaner while gym goers tend to be more muscular. Because runners do more cardio exercise, they typically have leaner bodies with less muscle tone and body fat. On the other hand, because gym goers prioritize weight lifting, they tend to have more visible muscle definition and appear less lean. However, this is just a generalization—every body is different. Neither type of body is better than the other, as running and weight lifting are both great ways to improve your health. In fact, it’s important to get cardio and strength training exercises to improve your cardiovascular health and strengthen your muscles.
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