Keep your website up to date. Failing to update your website's software, security, and scripts when necessary is a sure way to allow intruders and malware to take advantage of your site. This goes for patches from your website's hosting service as well (if applicable). Whenever an update for your website is available, install it as immediately as possible. You should also keep your site's certificates up to date. While this won't directly affect your website's security, it will ensure that your website continues to show up in search engines.
Use security software or plugins. There are several different website firewalls to which you can subscribe for constant protection, and website hosting services like WordPress often offer security plugins as well. Just like protecting your computer with an antivirus program, it's wise to protect your website with security software. Sucuri Firewall is a good paid option, and you should be able to find free firewall or security plugins for WordPress, Weebly, Wix, and other hosting services. Website application firewalls (WAFs) are usually cloud-based, meaning you shouldn't have to download any software onto your computer in order to use them.
Prevent users from uploading files. Allowing people to upload files to your website automatically creates a security vulnerability. If possible, remove any forms or areas to which website users can upload files. Limiting forms which allow uploads to support only one file type (e.g., a JPG for photos) is another possible fix for this problem. This can be tricky if your website relies on a webpage form for things like cover letter submissions. You can get around this problem by setting up an email address for submissions and adding the address to your "Contact" page so that users can email their files rather than uploading them to your website.
Install an SSL certificate. An SSL certificate essentially confirms that your website is secure and able to transfer encrypted information back and forth between your server and a person's browser. You'll usually have to pay a yearly fee to maintain your SSL certificate. Paid SSL distribution options include GoGetSSL and SSLs.com. A free service called "Let's Encrypt" will also issue an SSL certificate. When choosing an SSL certificate, you have three options: domain validation, business validation, and extended validation. Both business validation and extended validation are required by Google in order to receive the green "Secure" bar next to your site's URL.
Use HTTPS encryption. Once you've installed an SSL certificate, your website should qualify for HTTPS encryption; you can usually activate the HTTPS encryption by installing your SSL certificate to your website's "Certificates" section. If you use a website platform such as WordPress or Weebly, your website probably already uses HTTPS. An HTTPS certificate must be renewed every year.
Create secure passwords. Using unique passwords for your admin-level site aspects isn't enough; you'll need to come up with complicated, random passwords which aren't replicated anywhere else and store their key somewhere outside of the website's directory. For example, you might use a 16-digit jumble of letters and numbers as a password. You could then store the password in an offline file on a different computer or hard drive.
Hide your admin folders. Naming your website's sensitive files' folder "admin" or "root" is convenient; unfortunately, this goes for both you and hackers alike. Changing these files' location's name to something boring (e.g., "New folder (2)" or "history") can make it harder for would-be attackers to locate your files.
Keep error messages simple. If your error message gives away too much information, hackers and malware can exploit the information to find and gain access to things like your website's root directory. Instead of adding explicit details to your website error messages, consider offering a concise apology and linking back to the main website. This goes for anything from 404 errors to 500-type server codes.
Always hash passwords. If you store user passwords on your website, be sure to store them in an hashed format. A common error among new website owners is storing passwords in plain text format, which makes the passwords easy to steal if a hacker manages to find the file. Even prolific sites such as Twitter have been guilty of this error in the past.
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